This is What
which is written by Archeological Survey
of India (ASI) has written outside and inside of Taj Mahal Building For Making
The World to live in Foolish Paradox of Falsehood
The Taj
Mahal (As displayed On Marble Stone
Planted Out Side Taj Building )
The Taj Mahal was built by the Mughal emperor Shahjahan ( reign 1628-1656
AD) . Grand Son of Akbar ,the Great in the memory of his Queen Arjuman Bano
Begum, entitled “ Mumtaj Mahal”. She was niece of emperors Noor Jahan and grand
daughter of Mirza gihas Beg “ Etmaudola “ Vajeer of emperor Jahangir, She was
born in 1593 and was married to Pricne Khurram ( Shahjahan) in 1612.She died in
1631 on the birth of the child at Burhanpur, where she was tempering burried .
Six months later, her body was transferred to Agra and finally enshrined in the
crypt of main tomb. Shahjahan who died in 1666 was also borried here- The Taj
Mahal is the Mausoleum of both Mumtaj Mahal and Shahjahan originally styeed
as “ Roza-e-Munaware” and “ Roza-I-
Mumtaj Mahal”. Gradually it become famous as Taj Mahal and Aj-bb-Ka Roza. (The
Garden Tomb of Taj Queen).
It is cited on the right bank of river YAMUNA at a point where it take
sharp turn and flow east ward. This location has a correct orientation for the
adjunct the mosque. Minimum thrust of water and, above all. A large nature lake
to provide it with a protective cover of masture. The river with 30 feet deep
clean water was the constituent of its original design.
It’s land was acquired in lieu
of four HAVELIES. The construction begin from the foundation wells were let to
support the huge building. Artitions were requisitioned from the whole of the
empire and from central Asia and Iran, while bricks from internal scalton
were locally made. While marble for
external surfaces were obtained from
Makrana. It was completed in 1648 in 70 years. At the cost of about Rs. 4 Crore
( 40 milions) when Gold was sold at Rs.15/- Tola (11.66 Grams).
In all it covers an area of 60 Bighas. As terrian gradually sloped from
south to north towards the river, it is laid out descending terraces at the
southern point in the four courts in the main gate infront of tombs of
Akabarabadi Begum and Fatehpuri Begum. The two other queens of Shahjahan on its
south corner on the second terraces in a spacious Charbagh Garden divided into
four quarters by broad shallow canals, with wide walk baway and cypress avenue
on the sides. They are studded with fountains which were fed by over head water
tank situated in the adjoining Bagh Khan-I- Alam.
The main tomb is placed at the
north edge of the garden. It intigrated the Taj in blue sky and provided it a
beautiful natural back ground, which was constantly changing from sun rise to
mid-night. The changing colours of sky descended softly on its white marble and
looked ever new at every moment. This newness the secrete of its beauty. The main
tombs was designed under.
The Taj was built over a
period of 22 years from 1632, as a tribute to a beautiful woman and as a
monument for enduring love by the Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan. Plunged into grief
by the death of his beloved wife, the Empress Mumtaz Mahal, Shah Jahan had the
Taj constructed to enshrine her mortal remains and be a center of pilgrimage.
It was designed by the Iranian architect Ustad Isa. The workmanship on the Taj
is said to be purely Indian. Shah Jahan was known to have patronized Indian
artisans irrespective of religion and caste.
The Taj is the biggest and
most rewarding attraction in India to tourists from everywhere. No visit to
India is complete without an expedition to this shrine of mystique and love.
The story behind the Taj is
a poignant one, In 1612 Shah Jahan the fifth Mughal emperor was betrothed to
Mumtaz Mahal (Arjumand Banu Begum). Prince Khurram (Shah Jahan) had been
married twice before he met and married Mumtaz Mahal. The marriage was a true
love match, and Mumtaz became her husband’s inseparable companion for 19 years
on all his journeys and military expeditions. She was his trusted political
adviser and counsel. On June 17, 1631 Mumtaz Mahal breathed her last after
delivering her 14th child, at the age of 39. She and the Emperor
were on a military campaign at Burhanpur in the Deccan region. The Emperor had
to be summoned from the battlefield to be with his dying wife. Saddened by her
sudden demise, Shah Jahan resolved to immortalize their love. It said that
Mumtaz Mahal on her death he construction of Taj Mahal began, Mumtaz Mahal was
given a temporary burial in the Zainabadi garden in Burhanpur for a period of
six months, then the body was exhumed and brought to Agra, for the final
burial.
Shah Jahan purchased a plot
of land from Raja Jai Singh on the banks of Yamuna River for building the Taj
Mahal. Raja Jai Singh was also instructed by Shah Jahan to provide a regular
supply of special, hard and non-porous marble from the quarries of Makrana. A
21/2-mile (4.02 km) road ramp was built to haul huge pieces of marble to the
site of the construction. Strangely the scaffolding of this magnificent
building was made, not of wood or bamboo, but with bricks.
Taj Mahal is placed on a
high plinth (platform). The plinth is 6.7 m (21.98 ft) high and covers an area
of 95 sq. m (1,022.57 square feet). There are four elegant tapering minarets,
one on each corner of the plinth. Each of the minarets is 41.6 m (136.48 ft)
high and is capped by a small cupola. The minarets, not only balance the main
structure of the mausoleum, but are also placed in such a way that in case of a
mishap, they do not fall over the main edifice. Each pillar has a letter
written on it, which put together spell the word ar-rahman (all merciful) – one
of the many names of Allah.
The main structure of the
Taj Mahal is square and is beveled at its corners. Each side of the Taj Mahal
is 56.6 m (185.69 ft) long. On each façade, arched recessed arranged in two stories
flank a high iwan in the center. The top border of the iwan on each side rises
higher than the rest of façade, thus concealing the neck of the dome behind
it.A central bulbous dome crowns the magnificent structure. This dome is
further surrounded by four chhatris (domed canopy, supported by
pillars/cupola). Each of which is topped by a small finial. The dome is an
important component of the Islamic style of architecture, as it is believed to
be a link between heaven and earth. While the square structure of the edifice
represents the material world, the dome symbolizes the vault of heaven. The
octagonal part symbolizes the transitional phase between heaven and earth. The
dome is topped by a brass finial, whose tip rises to a height of 73 m above the
ground. The entire structure of the dome is designed as a replica of God’s
throne in paradise, where a gigantic pearl dome stands supported by four
pillars. According to Islam the rivers of grace flow through this dome. The
outer walls of the Taj Mahal are decorated in a number of places with shallow
marble carving apart from the elegant pieta durraa work, which can be seen near
arched recesses and borders.
The entrance
to be tomb leads you to the central hall, which houses the false tombs and has
four small octagonal halls, grouped around it. The original graves are located
in a crypt, which is directly below the central hall. The four smaller rooms
were original created for housing the graves of other members fo the royal
family. The tomb of Mumtaz Mahal, in whose honour the Taj Mahal was built, lies
directly below the dome. The tomb is placed in such a manner that it is a
direct alignment with the main entrance. The tomb of Shah Jahan is much larger
and is placed next to that of his beloved queen.
The cenotaphs
are decorated with exquisite pietra dura (stone inlay) work. Apart from
unexcelled inlay work the cenotaph of Mumtaz Mahal is inscribed by 99 different
names of Allah.It is said that as many as 35 different types of precious and
semi-precious stones were used in the inlay work done on the Taj. Turquoise,
jade, agate, coral, lapis lazuli, onyx, bloodstone, carnelian, jasper, garnet
and malachite were used to decorate flowers like lily and honeysuckle.
Carnelian and lapis lazuli were preferred for their colour and luminosity.
Precious and semi-precious gems were imported from all over the world. White
marble came from makrana mines of Rajasthan, Crystal was imported from china
and Lapis Lazuli from Ceylon. Jasper came from Punjab, Carnelian form Baghdad,
agate form Yemen, and the finest Coral from Arabia, Bundel Khand jewelers
provided garnets and diamonds from merchants from 114,000 cartloads of
sandstone was provided by the former Mughal capital.
The beauty
of the Taj Mahal is accentuated by the garden laid out in the Persian Charbagh
(four garden plan) style. The entire area of the Taj complex is 580 m (1,902
ft) by 300 m (984 ft), while the garden alone makes up an area of 300 m (984
ft) by 300 m (984 ft). each garden within the Charbagh was divided in 16
flowerbeds, making a total of 64. It is said that each flowerbed was planted
with 400 plants. Trees were planted carefully in accordance with the symmetry
of the overall plan. The trees, which were generals preferred, were either
cypress (Cuprussus) (signifying death) or different fruit bearing trees
(signifying life). These trees housed once of the most exotic birds, all of
which added to the breathtaking environs of the Taj.
The money
labour and devotion involved in building of Taj cannot be calculated. The River
Yamuna was diverted of flow right and enhance the beauty of Taj Mahal. The most
outstanding feature of Taj is its proportion and compositions, the construction
was systematic. The only asymmetrical object in the Taj is the casket of the
emperor, which was built beside the queens, as an afterthought.
One can see
two identical building on either side of the Taj. These monuments are entirely
made of red sandstone. While both these buildings are mosques, the one towards
the west (left side of the Taj) is important and used for offering prayers, as
it not only sanctifies the Taj but also faces Mecca. The replica on the other
side is known as the Jawab (answer).
The true
tragedy of Taj Mahal lies in the final years of Shah Jahan. Shah Jahan had a
desire to build a replica of Taj Mahal in black marble as his own mausoleum but
fate intervened. When he was 65, his son Aurangzeb imprisoned him in Red Fort
at Agra and become the successor of the throne. In the last years of his
imprisonment and until his death in 1666, he somehow managed to have a gaze at
Taj Mahal through the grillwork of the prison, the building, he had dedicated
to his beautiful wife.
SOME BLUNDER
OF INDIAN HISTORICAL RESEARCH
Constitution alien rule in India
for over a millennium has resulted in implanting in Indian histories numerous
blundering nations as sacrosanct concepts.
If by history we mean a
factually and chronologically accurate account of a country’s past current
Indian histories deserve to be classed with Arabian Nights.
Such history must be repudiated
and rewritten. Like a virus infection the blunder of Indian historical research
have affected other spheres too.
Feel deeply concerned at the
alarming state of Indian history as it is being taught in our education
institutions, as it is being tackled on misleading assumption in our research
organizations and as it is presented to the world at large through official
academic channels.
The extent and depth of the
inaccuracies and fabrications that bedevil Indian history amount to a national
calamity.
What is still more tragic is
that beside the many distortions, perversions and anomalies that abound in
current historical texts there are many missing chapters. Those missing
chapters relate especially to the sway that Indian Kshatriyas once held from
Bali island in the South East pacific to the Baltic in the north and from Korea
of Arabia and possibly over Mexico. It is in that vast region, at the very
least, that the digvijayas (conquests) which we hear about very often in Indian
scriptures, were carried out. Our histories make no mention of that sway.
At least broad realization of
the major points at which Indian historical research has branched off the path
at factual and chronological truth, and a realization that at least some of its
important chapters are missing, is essential on the part of scholars, teaching
institutions, research organizations, students, teachers and lay men.
It is intended to unfold here
quite a few blunders of Indian historical research which have occurred to me.
By no means do I presume to give an exhaustive list of such blunders. The few
that I intend to deal with hereafter should serve as specimens to alert all
those connected with Indian history, that the fare served to them, day in and
day out, in the name of Indian history is infected with myths, and is deficient
in nutritional values because of its missing chapters.
If minor errors of grammar,
syntax or subject matter in academic text books find us highly agitated how
much more should be our resentment at the defective and deficient Indian
history that is being taught to us and presented to the world at large.
Though our subject title is
SOME BLUNDERS OF INDIAN HISTORICAL RESEARCH yet at least in some instances, it
will be observed, those blunders have a bearing on world history. The rewriting
of the missing chapters and faulty portions of Indian Histories of other
regions and of the world as a whole. From this point of view this topic should
be of immense importance to students, teachers and scholars of history all the
world over.
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